Publications

230 Publications
Genocide

Նոյի Աղավնին Վերադառնում է - Հայաստանը, Թուրքիան և քննարկումները Ցեղասպանության շուրջ

21 Apr 2009

Ոչ մի այլ թեմա չի թունավորում թուրքերի և հայերի միջև հարաբերություններն այնքան, որքան որ 1915 թ. Հայկական համայնքների ոչնչացումն Անատոլիայում և այն հարցը, թե արդյոք այն հանդիսանում է ցեղասպանություն: Միջազգային թատերաբեմում ցեղասպանության ճանաչման դեմ պայքարը Թուրքիայի համար հանդիսացել է արտաքին քաղաքականության գլխավոր նպատակ: Հայերի համար ցեղասպանությունը և դրա հետևանով տեղի ունցեց պատմական հայրենիքի կորուստը հանդիսանում են ազգային ինքնության որոշիչ տարրեր: Ներկայումս երկու երկրների միջև չկան դիվանագիտական հարաբերություններ: Սահմանը նրանց միջև շարունակում է փակ մնալ: Վերջին ժամանակներում մերձեցման առաջին նախանշաններ են ի հայտ եկել, երբ երկու երկրների քաղաքական առաջնորդները հաշտեցման ժեստեր են կատարում: Բայցևայնպես որպեսզի հարաբերությունների կարգավորումը տեղի ունենա երկու կողմերն էլ պետք է հաղթահարեն որոշ խորը արմատավորված նախապաշարմունքներ:

Armenia

Noah's Dove Returns - Armenia, Turkey and the Debate on Genocide

21 Apr 2009

No single topic poisons relations between Turks and Armenians more than the 1915 destruction of the Armenian communities of Anatolia, and the question of whether it constituted genocide. For Turkey, the fight against genocide recognition on the international stage has been a central goal of foreign policy. For Armenians, the genocide and the resulting loss of a traditional homeland is a defining element of their national identity. At present, the two countries have no diplomatic relations. The border between them remains closed. In recent times the first signs of a rapprochement have appeared, with the political leadership on both sides making conciliatory gestures. For a normalisation of relations to take place, however, both sides will have to overcome some deeply entrenched prejudices.

Genocide

La colombe de Noé est de retour - L'Arménie, la Turquie et le débat sur le génocide

21 Apr 2009

Aucun sujet ne nuit plus aux relations entre les Turcs et les Arméniens que ceux de la destruction en 1915 des communautés arméniennes en Anatolie et de la qualification de ces évènements de génocide. En Turquie, la lutte tous azimuts en vue d'empêcher la reconnaissance internationale du génocide est placée au centre de la politique étrangère du pays. Pour les Arméniens, le génocide et la perte de la patrie traditionnelle sont des éléments constitutifs de l'identité nationale. Aujourd'hui, les deux pays n'entretiennent pas de relations diplomatiques. La frontière qui les sépare reste hermétique. Depuis un certain temps, les gestes de bonne volonté des dirigeants politiques turcs et arméniens se multiplient; les premiers signes d'un rapprochement apparaissent. Cependant, pour normaliser leurs relations, les deux parties doivent encore surmonter des préjudices profondément ancrés dans leurs mémoires.

Genocide

Noahs Taube kehrt zurück. Armenien, die Türkei und die Völkermorddebatte

21 Apr 2009

Kein einzelnes Thema vergiftet die Beziehungen zwischen Türken und Armeniern mehr als die Vernichtung der armenischen Gemeinden Anatoliens im Jahr 1915 und die damit verbundene Frage, ob es sich dabei um Völkermord handelte. Für die Türkei ist der Kampf gegen die internationale Anerkennung als Völkermord ein zentrales außenpolitisches Ziel. Für die Armenier ist der Völkermord und der daraus resultierende Verlust einer traditionellen Heimstatt ein wesentliches Element ihrer nationalen Identität. Derzeit unterhalten die beiden Staaten keinerlei diplomatische Beziehungen, die gemeinsame Grenze bleibt geschlossen. In jüngster Zeit kam es zu ersten Anzeichen einer Wiederannäherung und versöhnlichen Gesten der politischen Führungen beider Seiten. Für eine Normalisierung ihrer Beziehungen werden beide Seiten jedoch einige tief verwurzelte Vorurteile überwinden müssen.

Visa liberalisation

Dokument me Informata Paraprake: Projekti Lista e Bardhë - Politikat e BE-së për Udhëtimin pa Viza për Ballkanin Perëndimor

1 Nov 2008

Kur bëhet fjalë për BE-në, njëra prej dëshirave më të mëdha të qytetarëve të Ballkanit Perëndimor, përveç anëtarësimit në BE, është udhëtimi pa viza. Për vite me radhë, ky ka qenë një synim i pakapshëm. Sot, për të hyrë në zonën e Shengenit, e cila e mbulon pjesën më të madhe të Bashkimit Evropian, qytetarët e Ballkanit Perëndimor duhet të marrin vizë të qëndrimit të shkurtër në njërën prej ambasadave apo konsullatave të 24 shteteve të zonës së Shengenit. Procedura e aplikimit për vizë merr kohë, kushton dhe është përplot stres. Kjo përfshin edhe pritjen e gjatë në rend, mbledhjen e shumë dokumenteve e madje edhe rrezikun e refuzimit të kërkesës për vizë. E gjithë kjo e vështirëson planifikimin e udhëtimit.

Visa liberalisation

Background Paper: The White List Project. EU Policies on Visa-Free Travel for the Western Balkans

1 Nov 2008

When it comes to the EU, one of the greatest wishes of citizens of the Western Balkans, besides EU membership, is visa-free travel. It has for many years already been an elusive goal. Currently citizens of all Western Balkan states have to obtain a short-stay visa from one of the embassies or consulates of the 24 Schengen zone countries in order to enter the Schengen area, which covers most of the EU. Applying for a visa is time-consuming, costly and stressful. It involves long waiting times, the collection of a pile of documents and the very real risk of rejection. All this makes planning trips difficult.

Democracy

ESI Briefing: Turkey's dark side - Party closures, conspiracies and the future of democracy

2 Apr 2008

2007 was a dramatic year for Turkish politics and society, even by the standards of a country used to political drama. However, few people would have expected 2008 to be even more volatile, and potentially catastrophic, for Turkish democracy. Today the headscarf has again become a potent symbol of the struggle between the conservative AKP government, reelected in July 2007 with overwhelming public support, and its Kemalist opponents. The question is now whether the Constitutional Court, with its record of siding with the Kemalist establishment, is prepared to attempt a judicial coup, plunging Turkey into a deep constitutional crisis.

EU enlargement

Der unbekannte Türke und eine künftige Volksabstimmung - Anatomie einer österreichischen Debatte

30 Jan 2008

Dieser Bericht zeichnet die Entwicklung der österreichischen Stimmungslage zu einem möglichen EU-Beitritt der Türkei nach. Führt man sich die Meinungsumfragen des letzten zehn Jahre vor Augen, fällt auf, dass sich die Haltung der Österreicher zur Türkei bis 2002 nicht wesentlich von der gegenüber anderen Beitrittskandidaten unterschied. Es handelt sich hierbei nicht um eine tiefverwurzelte Abneigung. Die jetzige Stimmungslage ist Folge des Handelns der politischen Elite Österreichs, die die Debatte in eine bestimmte Richtung lenkte.

EU enlargement

A referendum on the unknown Turk? Anatomy of an Austrian debate

30 Jan 2008

In this paper, we examine the history of Austrian attitudes towards Turkey's EU candidacy. Looking back over opinion polls of the past decade reveals a surprising finding: until 2002, there was very little difference between Austrian views towards Turkey and any other EU candidate. The current public mood does not have its roots in the distant past, and does not appear to be based on any solid conviction. Rather, it is a reflection of the recent behaviour of the Austrian political elite, and the direction in which they have chosen to take the public debate.

EU enlargement

Tanınmayan Türk Üzerine Referandum - Avusturya Tartışmasının Anatomisi

30 Jan 2008

Bu yazıda Avusturya'nın, Türkiye'nin AB adaylığına yönelik görüşlerinin tarihçesini mercek altına alıyoruz. Geçmişte yapılan anketleri biraz olsun hatırlamak ilginç bir bulguyu ortaya koyuyor: 2002'ye kadar, Avusturya'nın Türkiye'nin üyeliğine bakışı diğer aday ülkelerle büyük farklılıklar göstermiyordu. Yani, kamuoyunun bugünkü düşüncelerinin kökeni uzak geçmişte yer almıyor. Aksine, bu düşünceler Avusturya'daki siyasal iktidarın (seçkinlerin) yakın zamandaki tutumunun ve toplumdaki tartışmaya verdiği yönün bir yansımasıdır.

Western Balkans

Bosanska Tvrđava

19 Dec 2007

Danas, dvanaest godina poslije zlokobnog rata, Bosna i Hercegovina se u ogromnoj mjeri promijenila. Doživjela je povratak raseljenih lica, povrat imovine i sveobuhvatni proces demilitarizacije - sve to u velikim razmjerama. Ponovo je uspostavljena sloboda kretanja. Ugaslo je međuetničko nasilje. Nove institucije na državnom nivou upravljaju jedinstvenim tržištem koje je u sve većoj mjeri integrisano. Promjene koje su se tokom proteklih 12 godina zbile u Bosni po svojoj  temeljnosti ne zaostaju za onima koje su preobrazile Zapadnu Evropu tokom prvih 12 godina po završetku Drugog svjetskog rata.

Western Balkans

A Bosnian Fortress

19 Dec 2007

Twelve years after its own vicious war, Bosnia and Herzegovina has changed tremendously. It has seen the large-scale return of displaced persons, the return of property and a comprehensive process of demilitarisation. Freedom of movement has been restored. Interethnic violence has disappeared. New institutions at the state level govern an increasingly integrated single market. The changes that have taken place in Bosnia over the past twelve years have been no less profound than those which transformed Western Europe in the 12 years after World War II.

Western Balkans

Discussion paper: The worst in class - How the international protectorate hurts the European future of Bosnia and Herzegovina

8 Nov 2007

Yesterday the deputy prime minister of Serbia travelled to Brussels to initial a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union. A few days ago (31 October) the European Union announced that the same would not be possible for Bosnia and Herzegovina because of the country's failure to agree on a police reform that would conform to "European standards" defined by the Office of the High Representative (OHR). As a result of yesterday's development Bosnia now finds itself at the very end of the queue moving towards distant EU membership: behind Croatia, Turkey, Macedonia, but also behind Albania, Montenegro and Serbia.

Western Balkans

Discussion paper: Najgori u razredu - Kako međunarodni protektorat šteti evropskoj budućnosti Bosne i Hercegovine

8 Nov 2007

Juče je zamjenik predsjednika Vlade Srbije otputovao u Brisel da parafira Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju (SAA) sa Evropskom Unijom. Nekoliko dana ranije (31. oktobra), Evropska Unija je objavila da isto neće biti moguće za Bosnu i Hercegovinu jer ta zemlja nije uspjela da postigne dogovor o reformi policije koji bi bio u skladu sa "evropskim standardima" koje je definirao Ured Visokog predstavnika (OHR). Kao rezultat jučerašnjeg događaja, Bosna se sada nalazi na samom kraju reda koji se kreće prema dalekom cilju članstva u EU: iza Hrvatske, Turske, Makedonije, ali i iza Albanije, Crne Gore i Srbije.

Democracy

Geschlecht und Macht in der Türkei - Feminismus, Islam und die Stärkung der türkischen Demokratie

2 Jun 2007

Angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen mutet die derzeitige politische Debatte in der Türkei erstaunlich realitätsfremd an. Eine lautstarke Minderheit, einschließlich einiger ‚autoritärer Feministinnen’, sieht die säkulare Tradition des Landes in Gefahr und ruft nach einem Eingreifen des Militärs. Ihre immense Furcht vor dem politischen Islam macht sie blind für die Veränderungen der türkischen Gesellschaft und die Errungenschaften der vergangenen Jahre. Die Türkei bemüht sich weiterhin, mehr Gleichberechtigung im wirtschaftlichen, gesellschaftlichen und politischen Leben herzustellen, doch die wichtigste Lektion der vergangenen Jahrzehnte ist einfach: jeglicher substantielle Fortschritt hängt zuallererst von der Güte und der Offenheit der türkischen Demokratie ab.

Democracy

Sexe et pouvoir en Turquie - Féminisme, Islam et maturation de la démocratie turque

2 Jun 2007

Ainsi, le débat politique actuel est curieusement en décalage avec les véritables dynamiques sociales du pays. En effet, il existe en Turquie une minorité active (y compris les « féministes autoritaires ») qui considère que les traditions laïques sont en danger et qui souhaite l’intervention de l’armée. Leur peur de l’Islam politique les aveugle et ne leur permet pas d’évaluer à sa juste valeur la transformation en cours ainsi que les progrès réalisés lors de ces dernières années. La Turquie supprime les uns après les autres tous les obstacles à l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes dans les domaines économique, social et politique. La leçon à tirer de ce processus est claire: tout progrès substantiel en la matière ne dépend que de la qualité et de la capacité de réception de la démocratie turque.

Democracy

İkinci Kadın Devrimi - Feminizm, İslam ve Türkiye Demokrasisinin Olgunlaşması

2 Jun 2007

Kadın-erkek eşitsizliğinin giderilmesi konusunda Türkiye'nin önünde çok iş var. Yakın zaman önce gerçekleştirilen bir uluslararası çalışmada, Türkiye, cinsiyet temelli eşitsizlikler konusunda115 ülke arasında, AB standardını en geriden takip eden AB üyesi ülkenin çok gerisinde, 105. sırada yer aldı. Kadın-erkek arasındaki farkın giderilmesinin önünde, kırsal alanda eğitime erişimin zorluklarını aşmaktan kadınların işgücüne katılımının önündeki kurumsal ve yapısal engellerin kaldırılmasına kadar uzanan derin sorunlar mevcut. Temmuz ayındaki seçimler, Türkiye'deki siyasi partilerin parlamentodaki kadın sayısını arttırma konusunda samimiyetlerinin sınanmasına olanak tanıyacak.

Democracy

Sex and Power in Turkey - Feminism, Islam and the Maturing of Turkish Democracy

2 Jun 2007

The current political debate in Turkey seems curiously out of touch with Turkey's real social dynamics. There is a vocal minority, including some 'authoritarian feminists', who see Turkey’s secular traditions as under threat and want the military to step in. Their intense fear of political Islam blinds them to the changes underway in Turkish society, as well as to the achievements of recent years. As Turkey continues to tackle the barriers to gender equality in economic, social and political life, the most important lesson of recent decades is simple: any substantial progress depends above all on the quality and inclusiveness of Turkish democracy.

Western Balkans

Discussion paper: Legal Dynamite - How a Bosnian court may bring closer the end of the Bosnian protectorate

12 Mar 2007

On 27 February, diplomats representing 55 governments and international agencies met in Brussels as the Steering Board of the Peace Implementation Council (PIC) for Bosnia and Herzegovina. They decided to prolong the international protectorate of the country until June 2008, although they had initially planned to close it down this coming June. This means that the extraordinary powers of the High Representative, who is also the EU's Special Envoy, to impose legislation and to dismiss public officials have been extended as well. The Council also decided not to renew the mandate of the current High Representative, German politician Christian Schwarz-Schilling, whom influential PIC members accuse of not using his powers aggressively enough.

Western Balkans

Na Planini Olimp - Kako su Ujedinjene nacije kršile ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini i zašto ništa nije urađeno da se to ispravi

10 Feb 2007

Od 1996 do 2002. godine UNMIBH je vodio veliku policijsku misiju u BiH, Međunarodne policijske snage (IPTF). Jedan od zadataka koji su sebi postavili bio je da ukloni neodgovarajuće osoblje iz policije putem intenzivnog procesa provjere. Sve u svemu, UN je provjerio oko 18.000 policajaca i proglasio 793 nepodobnim za obavljanje policijskih dužnosti.